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Seoul Journal of Economics
[ Article ]
Seoul Journal of Economics - Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.419-456
ISSN: 1225-0279 (Print)
Print publication date 30 Nov 1999
Received Aug 1999 Revised Nov 1999

Free Currency Markets, Financial Crises and the Growth Debacle: Is There a Causal Relationship?

Pan A. Yotopoulos ; Yasuyuki Sawada
Professor of Economics, Stanford University, FRI-Encina West, Stanford, CA 94305-6084, U.S.A., Tel: +1-650-723-3129, Fax: +1-650-725-7007 yotopoulos@stanford.edu
Associate Professor, Department of Advanced Social and International Studies, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguzo-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan, Tel: +81-3-5454-6464, Fax: +81-3-5454-4339

JEL Classification: F31, F41, G15

Abstract

The paper develops an alternative hypothesis that attributes collateral responsibility for the recent spate of financial crises to a basic flaw of the architecture of the international financial system, free markets for foreign exchange. A valid positional distinction between reserve/hard and soft currencies, based on reputation, accounts for the systematic substitution of the former currencies for a country's soft currency in liquid asset holdings. The result of this “asymmetric reputation” in an environment of free currency markets is the systematic devaluation of soft currencies. Moreover, bubbles, devaluations and financial crises, far from being self-correcting monetary phenomena, can lead to sharp contractions in the economy through the misallocation of resources in competitive devaluation trade, as opposed to comparative advantage trade. In a case that is parallel to asymmetric information and incomplete credit markets, the appropriate policy intervention in asymmetric-reputation driven incomplete currency markets is maintaining mildly repressed exchange rates. The operational definition of “mild” is imposing restrictions on currency substitution, whether it is home-grown or it is the result of foreign financial capital taking short positions on the local currency.

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